A useful variance review separates the numerical difference from the business driver. Where the source data and context support it, the analysis can organize movements into practical driver groups.
Rate / PriceA unit price, salary rate, vendor rate or selling price differs from plan.
Volume / QuantityActual activity, units, transactions or resource usage differs from budget.
MixThe composition of products, customers, channels or cost categories changes.
TimingSpend or revenue falls into a different period than originally planned.
EfficiencyResource consumption or operating efficiency differs from the planning assumption.
One-Off / ExceptionalA non-recurring event creates a variance that should be separated from the recurring run rate.